The relationship between birth control pills – aka: oral contraceptives (OCs) – and mental health is complicated. It has been the subject of much research with some studies showing that OCs can increase the risk of mood swings, depression, and anxiety, while others have found no such link.
One of the largest studies on the topic, published in the journal Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences in 2022, found that women who used OCs had a 130% increased risk of depression, compared to women who did not use OCs (the risk was highest in the first two years of use and decreased over time).
Another study, published in the journal JAMA Network Open in 2023, found that women who used OCs experienced a significant increase in negative affect, anxiety, and mental health symptoms during the placebo-pill days of the pill pack, compared to the active-ingredient pill intake period. That said, this study only looked at short-term hormone withdrawal, and it is not clear whether these effects would persist in long-term users of OCs.
If you are concerned about the potential impact of OCs on your mental health, it is important to talk to your doctor. They can help you weigh the risks and benefits of different birth control methods and choose the one that is right for you. The majority of women who use OCs do not experience any negative mental health side effects. In fact, some studies have shown that OCs can actually improve mood and reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Here are some things to keep in mind when discussing OCs and mental health with your doctor:
- If you have a history of mental health problems, such as depression or anxiety, talk to your doctor about whether OCs are right for you.
- If you start taking OCs and experience any new or worsening mood changes, contact your doctor right away.
- There are many different types of OCs available, and some may be less likely to cause mood changes than others. Your doctor can help you find an OC that is right for your individual needs.
Oral contraceptives, medications, supplements, vitamins, and even foods can all affect mental health and gut health including stress, sleep, immobility, and relationships. If you are experiencing challenges or feeling overwhelmed, it is important to reach out for help from a doctor, therapist, or a close friend or family member you trust.
Links:
https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/oral-contraceptive-pill-and-adolescents-mental-health
https://specialty.mims.com/topic/pill-pause-linked-to-adverse-mental-health-symptoms-in-long-term-contraceptive-users